Nutritional losses: Nigeria - Maize - 2000

Equivalent number of people’s annual dietary requirements (number of national weighted average people)
Nigeria total Abia Abuja Federal Capital Territory Adamawa Akwa Ibom Anambra Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Enugu Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nasarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau Rivers Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara
Energy   4,401,336 56,980 8,107 122,870 39,170 38,902 111,364 1,586 101,240 285,717 65,398 63,454 24,177 65,353 66,735 52,615 128,937 100,279 1,776 917,915 60,133 149,063 14,506 190,067 55,455 634.6 84,807 622,172 54,957 128,786 49,079 169,305 346,731 108,106 10,320 68,035 5,089 31,518  
Carbohydrate   5,157,508 66,769 9,500 143,980 45,900 45,585 130,497 1,858 118,633 334,804 76,634 74,356 28,330 76,581 78,201 61,654 151,089 117,507 2,081 1,075,617 70,464 174,673 16,998 222,721 64,983 743.7 99,378 729,064 64,398 150,912 57,511 198,392 406,302 126,679 12,092 79,723 5,964 36,933  
Protein   8,193,433 106,072 15,091 228,733 72,919 72,419 207,313 2,952 188,466 531,884 121,744 118,125 45,007 121,659 124,233 97,946 240,027 186,677 3,306 1,708,771 111,942 277,493 27,004 353,824 103,234 1,181 157,875 1,158,222 102,306 239,746 91,364 315,174 645,468 201,247 19,211 126,652 9,474 58,673  
Fat   1,688,808 21,863 3,111 47,146 15,030 14,927 42,731 608.5 38,846 109,631 25,094 24,348 9,277 25,076 25,607 20,188 49,474 38,477 681.4 352,207 23,073 57,196 5,566 72,929 21,278 243.5 32,541 238,730 21,087 49,416 18,832 64,963 133,042 41,480 3,960 26,105 1,953 12,093  
Fibre, total dietary   8,786,916 113,755 16,184 245,301 78,200 77,664 222,329 3,166 202,117 570,411 130,562 126,682 48,267 130,471 133,232 105,041 257,413 200,199 3,545 1,832,544 120,050 297,593 28,960 379,453 110,712 1,267 169,311 1,242,117 109,717 257,111 97,982 338,004 692,222 215,824 20,602 135,826 10,160 62,923  
Calcium, Ca   659,622 8,539 1,215 18,414 5,870 5,830 16,690 237.7 15,173 42,820 9,801 9,510 3,623 9,794 10,002 7,885 19,324 15,029 266.1 137,567 9,012 22,340 2,174 28,485 8,311 95.1 12,710 93,244 8,236 19,301 7,355 25,373 51,964 16,202 1,547 10,196 762.7 4,724  
Iron, Fe   9,554,053 123,687 17,597 266,717 85,028 84,445 241,739 3,442 219,763 620,210 141,961 137,741 52,481 141,862 144,863 114,211 279,886 217,677 3,855 1,992,533 130,531 323,574 31,488 412,581 120,378 1,378 184,093 1,350,559 119,295 279,558 106,536 367,513 752,656 234,667 22,401 147,684 11,047 68,416  
Zinc, Zn   4,778,437 61,862 8,801 133,398 42,526 42,235 120,905 1,722 109,914 310,197 71,002 68,891 26,248 70,952 72,453 57,122 139,984 108,871 1,928 996,561 65,285 161,835 15,749 206,351 60,207 689.0 92,073 675,479 59,665 139,820 53,284 183,811 376,439 117,368 11,204 73,864 5,525 34,218  
Folate, total   2,811,446 36,397 5,178 78,486 25,021 24,849 71,136 1,013 64,669 182,508 41,775 40,533 15,443 41,745 42,629 33,609 82,361 64,055 1,134 586,337 38,411 95,217 9,266 121,409 35,423 405.4 54,172 397,425 35,105 82,265 31,350 108,147 221,482 69,055 6,592 43,459 3,251 20,133  
Vitamin A (RAE)   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
Vitamin C   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  

Data version 2.19.3

Nutritional losses

95.1 people 1,992,533 people

Nutritional Loss

Complete data

Specified to local conditions

Incomplete data

Some contextual data is missing

Minimal data

Postharvest loss profiles only

–No data

Not applicable or no data available

Nutritional losses

APHLIS postharvest loss figures have been combined with food composition data to determine the quantities of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), calories and micronutrients (including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A and C) lost annually due to postharvest losses of the different crops in each sub-Saharan African country.

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Annual recommended dietary intake datasets are then used to calculate the human impact of these crop postharvest losses of nutrients for each country, and for specific focal groups (e.g. women of reproductive age) within each country. A more detailed description of the nutritional postharvest loss and human impact calculation process will be made available shortly in Stathers et al.

Read more about how APHLIS estimates losses ›

Available metrics

Absolute value this shows the ‘absolute value' of the amount of the selected crop lost annually postharvest in either kcals (for energy value) or tonnes (for each of the macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) or micronutrients (including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A and C)).

Percentage loss (%) when 'Nutrients Lost %' dataview and 'Percentage loss (%)' metric are selected, this shows the cumulative % loss in weight of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), calories and micronutrients (including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A and C) lost annually due to postharvest losses in the selected country, crop and year combination. This figure is the same as the 'Percentage loss (%)' shown in the Losses table tab.

When any of the population group dataviews (for example, 'National Weighted Average Persons', 'Women of Reproductive Age', 'Children (7 months - 4 years)' and 'Percentage loss (%)' metric are selected, this shows what percentage of that population group's annual nutrient intake requirements of the selected nutrient/s was lost postharvest in the selected country, crop and year combination.

Data views

Nutrients Lost (quantity) when the 'Absolute value' metric is selected, this dataview shows the quantity of selected nutrients lost postharvest (in kcal or t) for selected crop, country and year combination.

When the 'Percentage loss (%)' metric is selected, this dataview shows the percentage of nutrients lost postharvest for selected crop, country and year combination.

National Weighted Average (number of national weighted average persons) when the 'Absolute value' metric is selected, this dataview shows what the postharvest losses for the selected crop, country and year combination equate to in terms of annual nutrient intake requirements for how many average people from the selected country calculated based on the proportion of the population in each life-stage group in the selected country and their nutritional requirements. The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients' [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015].

When the 'Percentage loss (%)' metric is selected, this dataview shows the percentage of national populations annual nutrient intake requirements lost postharvest (using weighted average person per country calculations). The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients'.  [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015]

Women of reproductive age (number of women 14-50 years) when the 'Absolute value' metric is selected, this dataview shows what the postharvest losses for the selected crop, country and year combination equate to in terms of annual nutrient intake requirements for how many average women of reproductive age (14-50 years) from the selected country calculated based on the nutritional requirements of women in this age range and the proportion of non-pregnant, pregnant and breastfeeding women in these life-stage groups per country. The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients' [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015].

When the 'Percentage loss (%)' metric is selected, this dataview shows the percentage of national population of women 14-50 years olds’ annual nutrient intake requirements lost postharvest (using weighted average woman 14-50 years old, nutrient requirement per country calculations, which use the proportion of non-pregnant, pregnant and breastfeeding women in this age group). The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients'. [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015]

Children (number of children 7 months - 4 years) when the 'Absolute value' metric is selected, this dataview shows what the postharvest losses for the selected crop, country and year combination equate to in terms of annual nutrient intake requirements for how many average children between 7 months and 5 years old from the selected country calculated based on the nutritional requirements of children in these age ranges and their demographic proportions in the selected country. The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients' [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015].

When the 'Percentage loss (%)' metric is selected, this dataview shows the percentage of national population of 7 month to <5 years old annual nutrient intake requirements lost postharvest (using weighted average 7 month to <5 years nutrient requirement per country calculations, which depend on demographic structure of the population). The data used for nutritional requirements of each nutrient is described in the section below 'About the nutrients'. [Data for calculations sourced from: UNDESA, 2017; USAID, undated; IoM, 2005; 2011; FAO/WHO, 2007; FAO, 2011; NDC, 2015]

About the nutrients

When a country and a crop have been selected, the user can in the 'Nutrient' field select to view postharvest losses in terms of a specific nutrient (for example, Carbohydrate, or Zinc, or Vitamin A) by selecting the specific nutrient, or for all the nutrients simultaneously by selecting 'All items'.

All items selection of the 'All items' option in the Nutrient field produces a dataview with a table showing data for each of the nutrients listed below. Alternatively, by selecting a specific nutrient, for example, 'Carbohydrate', the Carbohydrate loss data for the selected crop for each province of the selected country is shown. 

Energy annual Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for Active Physical Activity Level used from 4 year old life-stage group onwards using reference body weights based on healthy body mass index. [Source: Institute of Medicine (IoM), 2005]

Carbohydrate figures based on 62.5% of energy from carbohydrates, using FAO/WHO (2007) scientific update on carbohydrates in human nutrition, which recommends 50-75%E from carbohydrates [Source: FAO/WHO, 2007]

Protein figures based on per kg Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and reference body weights [Source: IoM, 2005]

Fat figures for life-stages of >1 years old use FAO guidelines of 20-35% of energy from fat [Source: FAO (2010)]. Figures for 0-12 month olds from IoM (2005).

Fibre, total dietary based on an adequate intake (AI) values of (14g fibre/1,000kcal/d) [Source: IoM, 2005]

Calcium, Ca figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) for specified lifestage group [Source: IoM, 2011]

Iron, Fe figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) for specified lifestage group [Source: IoM, 2011], converted to reflect the assumption of 12% iron bioavailability in diets with some haem iron and vit C as per Nutrition for Developing Countries (NDC) (2015) assumptions.

Zinc, Zn figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) for specified lifestage group [Source: IoM, 2011], converted to reflect the assumption of low zinc bioavailability in heavily cereal-based diets [Source: NDC, 2015; Governments of Australia and New Zealand, 2019]

Folate, total figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) for specified lifestage group [Source: IoM, 2011]

Vitamin A (RAE) figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) of retinol activity equivalents (RAEs) for specified lifestage group. 1 RAE = 1mcg retinol, 12 mcg beta-carotene, 24 mcg alpha-carotene, or 24 mcg beta-cryptoxanthin [Source: IoM, 2011]

Vitamin C figures use EARs (>1 year olds) or AIs (0-12 months olds) for specified lifestage group [Source: IoM, 2011]

Food composition tables

Food composition tables provide data on the amounts of the nutritionally important components of different foods and crops. Food composition data include energy values, and nutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, dietary fibre, calcium, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A and vitamin C.

However, different varieties of a crop may differ in terms of the relative amounts of nutrients they contain, due to genetic differences, additionally the soil and climate conditions during crop production can significantly influence the nutrient content of crops. To date, detailed data sets of the nutrient composition of different varieties grown under different conditions or in different locations are not available. To try and help account for some of the varietal difference between regions, the APHLIS nutritional postharvest loss (NPHL) tool uses data from four food composition tables to provide representative nutrient composition data for the focal crops, these are the Tanzania, West Africa, Lesotho, and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) datasets described below.  Depending on the country the user has selected, the food composition data from the Tanzania, West Africa or Lesotho dataset will be automatically selected based on geographical regions. If desired, the user can instead select one of the other food composition tables or the USDA table. Additional food composition tables or datasets can be added, please contact the APHLIS team regarding this. 

Tanzania, 2008 by selecting the Tanzania, 2008 food composition table the quantity of nutrients lost postharvest will be calculated based on the composition of the selected crop as shown in this food composition table. Muhimbili University of Health and Allie Sciences, Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Harvard School of Public Health, (2008). Tanzania Food Composition Tables. 272 pp. Compiled by Lukmanji, Z., Hertzmark, E., Mlingi, N., Assey, V., Ndossi, G., Fawzi., W.

West Africa, 2012 by selecting the West Africa, 2012 food composition table the quantity of nutrients lost postharvest will be calculated based on the composition of the selected crop as shown in this food composition table. FAO, INFOODS, WAHO, Bioversity International, (2012). West African Food Composition Table (2012). pp 171. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2698b/i2698b00.pdf.

Lesotho, 2006 by selecting the Lesotho, 2006 food composition table the quantity of nutrients lost postharvest will be calculated based on the composition of the selected crop as shown in this food composition table. Lephole, M.M., Khaketla, M.C., Monoto, M.E., (2006). Lesotho Food Composition Table. 1st edition. 127pp.

USDA, 2018 by selecting the USDA, 2018 food composition table the quantity of nutrients lost postharvest will be calculated based on the composition of the selected crop as shown in this food composition table. USDA, (2018). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy April 2018 Software v.3.9.4.4 2018-07-18

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